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Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by the pen name George Orwell, was an English author and journalist. Noted as a novelist, critic, political and cultural commentator, Orwell is among the most widely admired English-language essayists of the 20th century. He is best known for two novels critical of totalitarianism in general, and Stalinism in particular: Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four. Both were written and published towards the end of his life.

He was born on 25 June 1903 to Anglo-Indian parents in Motihari, Bengal (modern Bihar), India when it was part of the British Empire under the British Raj. There, Blair's father, Richard Walmesley Blair, worked for the opium department of the Civil Service. His mother, Ida Mabel Blair (née Limouzin), brought him to England at the age of one. He did not see his father again until 1907, when Richard visited England for three months before leaving again. Eric had an older sister named Marjorie, and a younger sister named Avril. He would later describe his family's background as "lower-upper-middle class".

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Books:

• Down and Out in Paris and London (1933)
• Burmese Days (1934)
• A Clergyman's Daughter (1935)
• Keep the Aspidistra Flying (1936)
• The Road to Wigan Pier (1937)
• Homage to Catalonia (1938)
• Coming Up for Air (1939)
• Animal Farm (1945)
• Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949)

Essays:

• The Spike (1931)
• A Nice Cup of Tea (1946)
• "A Hanging" (1931)
• "Shooting an Elephant" (1936)
• "Charles Dickens" (1939)
• "Boys' Weeklies" (1940)
• "Inside the Whale" (1940)
• "The Lion and The Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius" (1941)
• "Wells, Hitler and the World State" (1941)
• "The Art of Donald McGill" (1941)
• "Looking Back on the Spanish War" (1943)
• "W. B. Yeats" (1943)
• "Benefit of Clergy: Some notes on Salvador Dali" (1944)
• "Arthur Koestler" (1944)
• "Notes on Nationalism" (1945)
• "How the Poor Die" (1946)
• "Politics vs. Literature: An Examination of Gulliver's Travels" (1946)
• "Politics and the English Language" (1946)
• "Second Thoughts on James Burnham" (1946)
• "Decline of the English Murder" (1946)
• "Some Thoughts on the Common Toad" (1946)
• "A Good Word for the Vicar of Bray" (1946)
• "In Defence of P. G. Wodehouse" (1946)
• "Why I Write" (1946)
• "The Prevention of Literature" (1946)
• "Such, Such Were the Joys" (1946)
• "Lear, Tolstoy and the Fool" (1947)
• "Reflections on Gandhi" (1949)
• "Bookshop Memories" (1936)
• "The Moon Under Water" (1946)
• "Rudyard Kipling" (1942)
• "Raffles and Miss Blandish" (1944)

Poems:

• Romance
• A Little Poem
• Awake! Young Men of England
• Kitchener
• Our Minds are Married, But we are Too Young
• The Pagan
• The Lesser Evil
• Poem From Burma